The influence of galvanic field on Saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape must fermentation

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol fermentation of 'Sauvignon blanc' grape must a low direct electric current (DC) of 1.3, 7.7 and 30 μA was applied. Constant current stimulated wine yeasts metabolic activity by increasing production of glycerol and lactic acid was studied. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) indicated that by using the direct current at low temperature, similar results as those using higher fermentation temperatures can be achieved. Optical and transmission electron microscopy showed no visible morphological and ultra structural changes in cell morphology. The empirical experience resulting from present laboratory experiments offer a new approach in fermentation of grape musts wine and in wine process control.

The Influence of Treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculum with a Magnetic Field on Subsequent Grape Must Fermentation

168-hour old Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast cells on Petri dishes were exposed to a homogenous static magnetic field of 140 mT for periods of 24, 48 or 72 hours and then used as inoculum for the alcoholic fermentation of Malvasia grape must. The exposure to the magnetic field improved the fermentation process kinetics. Biomass and ethanol yields of fermentations inoculated with treated inoculum were higher than those in the control fermentation, which was inoculated with an untreated inoculum. Treatment of the inoculum with the magnetic field also led to faster consumption of glucose. Higher levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, 2-butanol, isoamil alcohol and lactic acid were detected. Faster consumption of tartaric acid was indicated, while no effect was identified in malic acid consumption

Enhancement of charge instabilities in Hund's metals by breaking of rotational symmetry

We analyze multiorbital Hubbard models describing Hund's metals, focusing on the ubiquitous occurrence of a charge instability, signaled by a divergent/negative electronic compressibility, in a range of doping from the half-filled Mott insulator corresponding to the frontier between Hund's and normal metals. We show that the breaking of rotational invariance favors this instability: both spin anisotropy in the interaction and crystal-field splitting among the orbitals make the instability zone extend to larger dopings, making it relevant for real materials like iron-based superconductors. These observations help us build a coherent picture of the occurrence and extent of this instability. We trace it back to the partial freezing of the local degrees of freedom in the Hund's metal, which reduces the allowed local configurations and thus the quasiparticle itinerancy. The abruptness of the unfreezing happening at the Hund's metal frontier can be directly connected to a rapid change in the electronic kinetic energy and thus to the enhancement and divergence of the compressibility

Growth Characteristics and Ergosterol Content of Grifola frondosa in Various Solid-state Substrates

Growth characteristics of medicinal mushroom Grifola frondosa mycelia were studied in solid-state cultivation on various solid-state substrates in different setups. The mycelial growth rate was determined in racing tubes by the measurement of ergosterol content. The fastest growth rate of 3.76 mm d–1 and the highest biomass amount of 54 mg g–1 were achieved. The results were scaled-up in a horizontal stirred bioreactor, where higher amounts of biomass (53.2 mg g–1 in 42 days) were achieved. These results represent an available platform for large-scale production of medicinal fungi biomass in bioreactors

Determining the impact of an artificial intelligence tool on the management of pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on CT (DOLCE) study protocol: a prospective, non-interventional multicentre UK study

\ua9 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. INTRODUCTION: In a small percentage of patients, pulmonary nodules found on CT scans are early lung cancers. Lung cancer detected at an early stage has a much better prognosis. The British Thoracic Society guideline on managing pulmonary nodules recommends using multivariable malignancy risk prediction models to assist in management. While these guidelines seem to be effective in clinical practice, recent data suggest that artificial intelligence (AI)-based malignant-nodule prediction solutions might outperform existing models. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a prospective, observational multicentre study to assess the clinical utility of an AI-assisted CT-based lung cancer prediction tool (LCP) for managing incidental solid and part solid pulmonary nodule patients vs standard care. Two thousand patients will be recruited from 12 different UK hospitals. The primary outcome is the difference between standard care and LCP-guided care in terms of the rate of benign nodules and patients with cancer discharged straight after the assessment of the baseline CT scan. Secondary outcomes investigate adherence to clinical guidelines, other measures of changes to clinical management, patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been reviewed and given a favourable opinion by the South Central-Oxford C Research Ethics Committee in UK (REC reference number: 22/SC/0142).Study results will be available publicly following peer-reviewed publication in open-access journals. A patient and public involvement group workshop is planned before the study results are available to discuss best methods to disseminate the results. Study results will also be fed back to participating organisations to inform training and procurement activities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05389774

Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept

According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one-third of food produced globally for human consumption (nearly 1.3 billion tonnes) is lost along the food supply chain. In many countries food waste is currently landfilled or incinerated together with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of energy. However, these two options are facing more and more economic and environmental stresses. Due to its organic- and nutrient-rich nature, theoretically food waste can be converted to valuable products (e.g. bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals and fuels) through various fermentation processes. Such conversion of food waste is potentially more profitable than its conversion to animal feed or transportation fuel. Food waste valorisation has therefore gained interest, with value added bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals, and fuels. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide information on the food waste situation with emphasis on Asia–Pacific countries and the state of the art food waste processing technologies to produce enzymes